[1179] BVerfGE 65, 1.
[1180] Federal Act on Data Protection ("BDSG") January 27, 1977 (Bundesgesetzblatt, Part I, No 7, February 1, 1977), Amended in 1990. http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/gesetze/bdsg/bdsgeng.htm.
[1181] Federal Act on Data Protection ("BDSG"), January 14, 2003 (Bundesgesetzblatt, Part I, No 3, 66 January 2003) http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/recht/de/bdsg/bdsg03.htm.
[1182] http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/recht/de/bdsg/bdsg01.htm.
[1183] See Overview of the current legislation of the Federal Data Protection Commission (October 1, 2002) http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/aktbuges011002.pdf.
[1184] "65. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, Dresden, 27. - 28.03. 2003" http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/65dsk_ent1.html
[1185] Homepage http://www.bfd.bund.de.
[1186] "19. Tätigkeitsbericht - 2001/2002," http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/19tb0102.pdf; Description of the duties of the Federal Data Protection Commissioner (in English) http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/datprotec_en.html.
[1187] E-mail from Ulrich Dammann, Bundesbeauftragte für den Datenschutz, to the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), April 4, 2003 (on file with EPIC).
[1188] Id.
[1189] Id.
[1190] http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/privacy/law/implementation_en.htm#germany; http://www.datenschutz-bremen.de/gesetze/datenschutzgesetz/inhalt.htm
[1191] Landesbeauftragten für den Datenschutz (the Representatives of the Länder's data protection authorities) http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/sonstige/behoerde/ldbauf.htm.
[1192] "Germany: New Law Allows More Extensive Government Monitoring of Phone Calls and Email," World Socialist Web Site, February 20, 2001.
[1193] "IPs Must Help Stop Hate Web Content," Newsbytes, July 27, 2001.
[1194] Tamsin McMahon, "European Parliament Accepts Privacy Law," EuropeMedia.net, May 30, 2002 http://www.europemedia.net/shownews.asp?ArticleID=10749.
[1195] Paul Meller, "EU Set to Weaken Net Privacy Regime," New York Times, May 30, 2002.
[1196] "Answers to a questionnaire on traffic data retention," Council of the European Union, November, 20, 2002 http://blubb.at/kuhm/temp/20112002tidy.html; John Leyden, "Germany, Austria take stand against EU ISP data retention laws," The Register, November 21, 2002, at http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/28228.html.
[1197] 64 Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, Trier 24, October 25, 2002 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/64dsk_ent1.html; 65. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Lânder, Dresden, 27, March 28, 2003 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/65dsk_ent1.html.
[1198] "Telekommunikations-überwachungsverordnung - TKÜV," January 22, 2002, BGBl. I Nr. 5, 458, http://217.160.60.235/BGBL/bgbl1f/bgbl102005s458.pdf; Steve Gold, "German Carriers Told To Install Cyber-Snooping Tech," Newsbytes, October 25, 2001.
[1199] "Gesetz zur Beschraenkung des Brief-, Post- und Fernmeldegeheimnisses - Gesetz zu Artikel 10 des Grundgesetzes (GG10)" (Law Restricting the Secrecy of Correspondence of Letters, Mail and Telecommunications - Law Applying to Article 10 of the Constitution), August 13, 1968 (G10 BGBl. I, p. 949) and was changed the last time by the bill of October 28, 1994 (BGBl. I, p.3186ff) "Verbrechensbekämpfungsgesetz" (Crime-Fighting Law).
[1200] http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/dfr/bv093181.html.
[1201] "German Phone Taps are Routine," The Independent, July 10, 1999.
[1202] "Constitutional Court Upholds Covert Investigation of Political Parties," The Week in Germany, December 10, 1999.
[1203] "Telefonüberwachung, Freund und Helfer hört mit," Spiegelonline, May 2, 2003, http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/politik/0,1518,247029,00.html.
[1204] "Telefonüberwachung, Freund und Helfer hört mit," Spiegelonline, May 2, 2003, http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/politik/0,1518,247029,00.html.
[1205] "Stellungnahme... zu den zu den beim Bundesverfassungsgericht in Karlsruhe anhängigen Verfassungsbeschwerden- BvR 2378/98 - 1 BvR 1084/99 - anhängigen Verfassungsbeschwerden...," available at http://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/material/themen/lausch/lschst3.htm.
[1206] "Bundesverfassungsgericht - Pressemitteilungen," available at http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/cgi-bin/link.pl?presse.
[1207] Federal Bulletin, BGBL I 2001, 3879, available at http://217.160.60.235/BGBL/bgbl1f/b101073f.pdf.
[1208] Id.; "Pressemitteilung des Bundesbeauftragten für den Datenschutz zum Tätigkeitsbericht 2001/2002" May 7, 2003 http://www.bfd.bund.de/Presse/pm20030507.html.
[1209] "Dreiviertel aller Lauschangriffe rechtswidrig," Der Spiegel Online, January 9, 2003 http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/0,1518,229958,00.html.
[1210] 65. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, Dresden, 27, March 28, 2003 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/65dsk_ent1.html.
[1211] "New Powers For The Border Police: Checks Anywhere At Any Time," Fortress Europe, FECL 56 (December 1998).
[1212] Telecommunications Carriers Data Protection Ordinance ("TDSV") of July 12, 1996 (Federal Law Gazette, I, 982), Federal Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/gesetze/medien/tdsve.htm.
[1213] Federal Act Establishing the General Conditions for Information and Communication Services - Information and Communication Services Act - (Informations- und Kommunikationsdienste-Gesetz - IuKDG) June 13, 1997 http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/gesetze/medien/iukdge.htm. See also Resolution of the Conference of Data Protection Commissioners of the Federation and the Länder of 29 April 1996 on key points for the regulation in matters of data protection of online services http://datenschutz-berlin.de/sonstige/konferen/sonstige/old-res2.htm.
[1214] "Data Theft Terror: German PC Owners Refuse to Surf," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, September 23, 2001.
[1215] Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on a Community framework for electronic signatures http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=31999L0093&model=guichett; see also "Fifth Annual Report on the Situation Regarding the Protection of Individuals With Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and Privacy in the European Union and in Third Countries," Data Protection Working Party, March 6, 2002, Part II, 37, available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/privacy/docs/wpdocs/2002/wp54en_2.pdf.
[1216] Rick Perera, "German Federal Employees Get Digital Signatures," CNN.com, January 21, 2002 http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/ptech/01/21/german.government.idg/index.html.
[1217] "Personal Protection," The Lawyer, May 14, 2001.
[1218] "Spam Fuelling Consumer Backlash: Study," The Sydney Morning Herald, June 6, 2002 http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/06/06/1022982732852.html.
[1219] Christopher Millard & Mark Ford, Data Protection Laws of the World, (Sweet and Maxwell 2000), Volume 1, Data Protection and the Internet, at 9.
[1220] Dr. iur. Alexander Dix, "Case Study: North America and the European Directive - The German RailwayCard: A model contractual solution of the "adequate level of protection" issue?" September 1996 http://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/sonstige/konferen/ottawa/alex3.htm.
[1221] "Heathcare Groups Agree Parameters For Health Card," World Data Protection Report, vol. 2, issue 6 (June 2002). See generallyabout the specific privacy issues related to the Health Card, 65. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, Dresden, 27, March 28, 2003 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/65dsk_ent1.html.
[1222] "Elektronische Gesundheitskarte und elektronisches Rezept," http://www.bundesregierung.de/Themen-A-Z/Gesundheit-und-Soziales-,7209/Arzneimittel-und-Gesundheitspa.htm.
[1223] "German Government Searches Net Music Lovers' Homes," BNA World Data Protection Report, May 2001.
[1224] E-mail from Alexander Dix, Commissioner for Data Protection and Access to Information, Brandenburg, to EPIC, June 5, 2002 (on file with the EPIC).
[1225] Overview over the current legislation (10/01/2002) of the Federal Data Protection Commission http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/aktbuges011002.pdf.
[1226] Akteneinsichts - und Informationszugangsgesetz ("AIG"), 1998.
[1227] http://www.informationsfreiheit.de/info_deutschland/index.htm.
[1228] See the Stasi Records Act, available at http://www.bstu.de/englisch/index.htm (English translation).
[1229] Web Site: http://www.bstu.de/home.htm.
[1230] "Gauck Reports Steady Flow of Inquiries About Stasi Records," The Week in Germany, July 16, 1999.
[1231] "U.S.-Held Files Seen Uncovering E. German Spies," Reuters, February 4, 1999.
[1232] "Stasi Files on Kohl's Tapped Calls Vanish," The Times, May 17, 2000.
[1233] "Kohl Sues to Gag Stasi Files," BBC News, December 8, 2000.
[1234] "Kohl's Stasi Files Stay Closed," BBC News, July 4, 2001.
[1235] See Terrorismusbekämfungsgesetz BGBl 2002, I, 361 http://www.bmi.bund.de/Annex/de_15999/Terrorismusbekaempfungsegsetz_PDF-Datei.pdf.
[1236] Teresa Anderson, American Security Management, February 1, 2002.
[1237] 63. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, March 7-8, 2002, http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/63dsk_ent1.html.
[1238] John Hooper, "German Courts Put Terror Hunt In Doubt," The Guardian, February 2, 2002 at http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,643720,00.html.
[1239] "Pressemitteilung des Bundesbeauftragten für den Datenschutz zum Tätigkeitsbericht 2001/2002," May 7, 2003 http://www.bfd.bund.de/Presse/pm20030507.html.
[1240] Jelle van Buuren, "Rasterfahndung at European Level?" Telepolis, April 4, 2002 http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/12274/1.html.
[1241] 62. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, October 24-26, 2001 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/62dsk_ent3.html.
[1242] Gesetz zur Änderung des Fernstrassenbauprivatisierungsgesetzes, BGBl. I 2002 Nr. 63, 3442; http://217.160.60.235/BGBL/bgbl1f/bgbl102s3442.pdf.
[1243] 19. Tätigkeitsbericht - 2001/2002 at 54-55, http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/19tb0102.pdf.
[1244] Entschließung zwischen der 63. und 64. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, May 24, 2002 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/63_64_ent1.html.
[1245] Christian Schröder, Germany Prepares Extension of Anti-Money Laundering Law, 18 Int'l Enforcement L. Rep. 315 (August 2002); "Ministry of Finance publishing new measures to fight terrorism financing and money laundring," http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Finanz-und-Wirtschaftspolitik/Terrorismusbekaempfung-.833.12650/Massnahmen-zur-Bekaempfung-der-Terrorismusfinanz.htm; Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Bekämpfung der Geldwäsche und der Finanzierung des Terrorismus (Geldwäschebekämpfungsgesetz), BGBl. I 2002, at 3105 ff.
[1246] 63. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, 7 - 8 März 2002 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/63dsk_ent4.html.
[1247] 65. Konferenz der Datenschutzbeauftragten des Bundes und der Länder, Dresden, March 27-28, 2003 http://www.bfd.bund.de/information/DS-Konferenzen/65dsk_ent1.html; Pressemitteilung des Bundesbeauftragten für den Datenschutz zum Tätigkeitsbericht 2001/2002, May 7, 2003 http://www.bfd.bund.de/Presse/pm20030507.html.
[1248] "Retail future: painless checkout, knowing scanners," Reuters, May 14, 2003 http://www.forbes.com/home_europe/newswire/2003/05/14/rtr970418.html.
[1249] Council of Europe, Legal Affairs, Treaty Office http://conventions.coe.int.
[1250] Council of Europe, Additional Protocol to the Convention For the Protection of Individuals With Regard to the Automatic Processing of Personal Data, Regarding Supervisory Authorities and Transborder Data Flows, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/searchsig.asp?NT=181&CM=8&DF=.
[1251] Council of Europe, Legal Affairs, Treaty Office http://conventions.coe.int.
[1252] Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/EN/searchsig.asp?NT=185&CM=7&DF=09/01/02.