[1434] Constitution of the Republic of Iceland, No. 33, June 17, 1944, as amended May 30, 1984, May 31, 1991, June 28, 1995 and June 24, 1999, available at http://government.is/interpro/stjr/stjr.nsf/pages/icelandic_constitution.html (official English translation from Icelandic).
[1435] Act on the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data No. 77/2000, available at http://www.personuvernd.is/tolvunefnd.nsf/pages/2A58F356DEB89EA500256C9C003B903B.
[1436] Homepage http://www.personuvernd.is/tolvunefnd.nsf/pages/english.
[1437] Act on the Participation of Iceland in the Schengen Co-operation, No. 15/2000, and Act on the Schengen Information System, No. 16/2000.
[1438] See http://www.personuvernd.is/tolvunefnd.nsf/pages/english.
[1439] In comparison, 920 cases were investigated in 2001.
[1440] E-mail from Thordur Sveinsson, Legal Counsel, Icelandic Data Protection Authority (Persónuvernd) to Cédric Laurant, Policy Counsel, EPIC, July 1, 2003 (on file with EPIC).
[1441] Id.
[1442] See e-mail from Hordur Helgi Helgason, Deputy Commissioner, Icelandic Data Protection Authority (Persónuvernd) to Sarah Andrews, Research Director, EPIC, July 7, 2002 (on file with EPIC).
[1443] E-mail from Thordur Sveinsson, Legal Counsel, Icelandic Data Protection Authority (Persónuvernd) to Cédric Laurant, Policy Counsel, EPIC, July 1, 2003 (on file with EPIC).
[1444] Id.
[1445] Regulation on Credit Reporting, No. 246/2001.
[1446] Act on a Health Sector Database No. 139/1998, December 17, 1998, available at http://brunnur.stjr.is/interpro/htr/htr.nsf/pages/gagngr-log-ensk.
[1447] Operating License issued to Íslensk erf agreining ehf, State Reg. No. 691295-3549, for the Creation and Operation of a Health Sector Database, Ministry of Health and Social Security, January 2000, available at http://ministryofhealth.is/interpro/htr/htr.nsf/Files/oplic/$file/oplic.pdf.
[1448] General Security Terms of the Icelandic Data Protection Commission, Document No. 1, January 19, 2000 http://www.personuvernd.is/tolvunefnd.nsf/pages/C9519A42E967537E002569180036F54C.
[1449] E-mail from Hordur Helgi Helgason, Deputy Commissioner, Icelandic Data Protection Authority (Persónuvernd) to Sarah Andrews, Research Director, EPIC, July 11, 2002 (on file with EPIC).
[1450] Richard Merli, "Privacy Concerns Loom Large for Genetic Databases," Pharmaceuticals Insider, July 9, 2003, available at http://www.kpmginsiders.com/display_search.asp.
[1451] J. C. Bear, What Is A Person's DNA Worth? Fair Compensation For DNA Access, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, report presented at the tenth International Congress of Human Genetics, Vienna, May 2001, available at http://www.mannvernd.is/english/articles/jb_fair_compensation.html.
[1452] Opt-Out Graph, Association of Icelanders for Ethics in Science and Medicine (Mannvernd) available at http://www.mannvernd.is/english/optout.html.
[1453] See http://www.icemed.is/english/default.htm.
[1454] "World Medical Association Opposes Icelandic Gene Database," EBMJ, April 24, 1999.
[1455] Declaration on Ethical Considerations Regarding Health Databases October 6, 2002, available at http://www.wma.net/e/policy/d1.htm.
[1456] The Guidelines lay down a policy on confidentiality, against which the creation of national health databases should be judged: they establish controls over the use and disclosure of personal health information; require patients' consent if the inclusion of their health information on a database involves disclosure to a third party; and allow patients to withdraw their health information from databases. Press release of the World Medical Association, General Assembly, Washington, USA, October 2-6, 2002 http://www.wma.net/e/press/2002_5.htm.
[1457] Ross Anderson, "The DeCODE Proposal for an Icelandic Health Database", March 1998, available at http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/iceland/iceland.html.
[1458] Act on Biobanks No. 110/2000, May 2000 http://brunnur.stjr.is/interpro/tolvunefnd/tolvunefnd.nsf/pages/95EAE39BAC9DFA25002569050057034C.
[1459] "Illegal research on Alzheimer," Icelandic State Radio News Service, 28th October 2000, translation by Mannvernd at http://www.mannvernd.is/english/news/alzheimer.illegal.html.
[1460] Articles 86-87, Law on Criminal Procedure
[1461] http://www.icenews.is/daily/1996/09feb96.html.
[1462] "Icelandic Airport Installs New Surveillance Software," Airline Industry Information, June 20, 2001.
[1463] Act no. 50/1996, http://www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~sobotta/Enskthyd.doc.
[1464] Signed September 27, 1982, enacted March 3, 1991, entered into force July 1, 1991 http://conventions.coe.int.
[1465] Signed November 4, 1950, enacted June 29, 1953, entered into force September 3, 1953 http://conventions.coe.int.
[1466] Signed November 30, 2001.