[1825] Constitution of Malaysia http://www.eur.nl/frg/iacl/armenia/constitu/constit/malaysia/malays-e.htm; see also Caslon Analytics Privacy Guide Asia http://www.caslon.com.au/privacyguide6.htm#Malaysia.
[1826] Fergus Shiel, "Rights Abuses Spread After 9/11," The Age (Melbourne), April 16, 2003, at 6.
[1827] For a discussion of Malaysian Prime Minister Mohamed's definition of 'terrorism' see Abdul Haseeb Ansari, Terrorism, National Integrity and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal 3 Malayan L.J. 205 (2002).
[1828] Shiel, supra.
[1829] "Penal Code to Be Amended to Include Anti-Terrorism Provisions," New Straits Times (Malaysia), June 15, 2003, at 4. Minister Yatim announcing that the Penal Code would be amended to include new anti-terrorism provisions that the government had previously considered tacking on to the ISA.
[1830] "Malaysian PM Says No Need to Respect Human Rights of Those Who Violate Them," translated by BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific from Bernama News Agency, December 21, 2002.
[1831] MECM Cyberlaws http://www.ktkm.gov.my/comm/cyberlaws.html. For a discussion and critique of some of the more important provisions of the CCA see Sulaiman Azmil, Crimes on the Electronic Frontier - Some Thoughts on the Computer Crimes Act 3 Malayan L.J. 59 (1997).
[1832] Communications and Multimedia Act of 1998 http://www.cmc.gov.my/legisframe.htm.
[1833] Abu Bakar Munir & Mohammad Yasin, Privacy and Data Protection: A Comparative Analysis with Special Reference to the Malaysian Proposed Law (Sweet & Maxwell 2002).
[1834] Tony Emmanuel, "Rumours over Internet: Four To Be Charged Soon," New Straits Times (Malaysia), September 24, 1998.
[1835] "E-mail not Screened, Says Service Provider," New Straits Times (Malaysia), August 17, 1998.
[1836] Computer Crimes Act of 1997 http://www.ktkm.gov.my/contentorg.asp?Content_ID=80&Cat_ID=1&CatType_ID=17&SubCat_ID=40&SubSubCat_ID=15.
[1837] Shyla Sangaran, "Keeping Pace with Computer Crime Cases," New Straits Times, July 9, 2001.
[1838] "PM Calls for Increased Net Security to Curb Cybercrimes," FT Asia Intelligence Wire, July 13, 2001.
[1839] Allesandra Fabro, "Intelligence Deal with Malaysia," Australian Financial Review, February 5, 2003, at 11.
[1840] "ISA Has 'Saved Nation from Many Disasters'," New Straits Times (Malaysia), November 20, 2002, at 6.
[1841] United States State Department Country Report, on Human Rights Practices in Malaysia, 2002 http://www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/hrp_reports_mainhp.html.
[1842] Constitution of Malaysia, supra.
[1843] News Release, "Malaysia - Police Raid Offices of Malaysiakini.com News Web Site," Reporters Sans Frontières, January 20, 2003; "Independent Internet Daily's Offices Raided," Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, January 20, 2003.
[1844] State Department, supra.
[1845] "Body Searches 'Violate Students' Privacy'," New Straits Times (Malaysia), August 4, 2001.
[1846] "Wise Up to Role of Smart Card," The Star (Malaysia), December 15, 2002.
[1847] "Card Sharps," The Bulletin (Australia), May 14, 2003; Joe Celko, "The Road to Dystopia: How much Information Can the Government Control?" Intelligent Enterprise, May 9, 2002.
[1848] News Release, "Government Proposal to Add Marital, Constituency Information to MyKad Should Be Debated," MP for Seputeh Teresa Kok, September 27, 2002.
[1849] Rosnazura Idrus, "Leaving MyKad at Guardhouse under Review," New Straits Times (Malaysia), July 9, 2003.
[1850] "Smart IC Open to Abuse," The Star, April 18, 2001.
[1851] "Cabinet: Cybercafes not Subjected to Restrictions," New Straits Times (Malaysia), March 18, 1999.
[1852] Annie Freeda Cruez, "Malaysians Told: Carry ICs or Risk Detention," New Straits Times (Malaysia), May 14, 1998.
[1853] Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia http://www.ktkm.gov.my/template01.asp?Content_ID=368&Cat_ID=4&CatType_ID=84.
[1854] "Data Protection Law to Safeguard Internet Users," World Data Protection Report, January 2002.
[1855] "ICT a Must for Companies, Says Moggie," Malaysia Economic News, October 11, 2001.
[1856] Loh Chyi Jen, "Framing the Country's Privacy Laws," New Straits Times (Malaysia), July 18, 2001.
[1857] Sarban Singh, "Hackers Risk Tough Penalty," New Straits Times (Malaysia), April 16, 2001.
[1858] Khaw Lake Tee, The Proposed Malaysian Personal Data Protection Law - Some Salient Features 3 IPPP UM Research Bulletin No. 3 http://www.ippp.um.edu.my/research/bulletin.asp?IntBulletinID=141&IntArticleID=150.
[1859] "Training for Judges, Prosecutors to Keep in Touch with Cyber World," New Straits Times-Management Times, November 30, 2001.
[1860] "Judiciary to Have Data Protection Training," World Data Protection Report, February 2002.
[1861] "Body searches 'violate students' privacy,'" New Straits Times (Malaysia), August 4, 2001.