[2237] Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, September 1963, available at www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/sn00t___.html.
[2238] X v CDE1992 2 SLR 996.
[2239] See http://bakerinfo.com/apec/singapec_main.htm#Privacy.
[2240] See Christophen Tremewan, The Political Economy of Social Control in Singapore (St. Martin's Press, 1994).
[2241] "Lee Kwan Yew's Speech at National Day Rally," The Straits Times, April 20, 1987, cited in Christophen Tremewan, id.
[2242] Report of the National Internet Advisory Board 1997/1998, September 1998. See also Susan Long, "Guess Who's Reading Your Personal Data Today?" Singapore Press Holdings, May 18, 2002.
[2243] Long, id.
[2244] "Consultation on Protection Regime," BNA World Data Protection Report, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2002.
[2245] "Voluntary Singapore Web Codes to Protect Privacy," Reuters, February 5, 2002.
[2246] "E-com Legal Guide, Singapore," Kien Keong Wong and Ken Chia, Baker & McKenzie, Singapore, January 2001, available at http://www.bakerinfo.com/apec/singapec_main.htm#Privacy.
[2247] Id.
[2248] Id.
[2249] "Infocomm Development Authority Helping Singaporeans Go Online," March 2000, available at http://www.ida.gov.sg.
[2250] Media Development Authority of Singapore Act (Act 34 of 2002), available at http://statutes.agc.gov.sg. This statutory board operates under the authority of the Ministry of Information and the Arts.
[2251] http://www.mda.gov.sg/aboutus/index.html.
[2252] Internet Code of Practice,available at http://www.mda.gov.sg/medium/internet/i_codenpractice.html.
[2253] Class License Provisions, available at http://www.mda.gov.sg/medium/internet/i_classlicence.html.
[2254] Id. at § 2-3.
[2255] Internet Code of Practice, supra at § 3.
[2256] Id. at § 3(3).
[2257] Id. at § 4.
[2258] John O'Callaghan, "Singapore Calls November 3 Election," Reuters, October 24, 2001, available at http://www.thinkcentre.org/article.cfm?ArticleID=1183.
[2259] See the Censorship Review Committee's webpage, at http://www.crc2002.gov.sg.
[2260] Computer Misuse Act (Chapter 50A), available at http://www.lawnet.com.sg/freeaccess/CMA.htm.
[2261] Electronic Transactions Act (Act 25 of 1998), available at http://www.lawnet.com.sg/freeaccess/ETA.htm.
[2262] United States Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2000, February 2001, available at http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/.
[2263] United States Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2002, March 2003, available at http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18263.htm.
[2264] Garry Roday, "The Internet and Social Control in Singapore," Pol. Sci. Q. Volume 113, No. 1, Spring 1998.
[2265] Id.
[2266] The Straits Times, September 27, 1996.
[2267] "ISPs To Get Guidelines On Scanning," The Straits Times, May 12, 1999.
[2268] "Guidelines for IASPs on Scanning of Subscribers' Computers," Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore, for IASPs on Scanning of Subscribers' January 6, 2000, available at http://www.ida.gov.sg/Website/IDAContent.nsf/dd1521f1e79ecf3bc825682f0045a340/7c22304fecdd8affc825685e0035f9eb?OpenDocument
[2269] "Not Many Ready To Cyber-Shop, Says Poll," The Straits Times, November 18, 1999.
[2270] "Boss is Spying On You - And He Has the Right," The Straits Times, October 10, 2000.
[2271] Jake Lloyd-Smith, "Singapore's Curbs on Free Speech Look Set to Stay," November 27, 2002.
[2272] Id.
[2273] Agence France-Presse "Singapore Opposition Leader Barred From Polls Over Religious Speech," July 30, 2002.
[2274] Id.
[2275] "Singapore To Get `Speakers' Corner," Asian Wall Street Journal, April 25, 2000.
[2276] "Keeping Records of Speakers," The Straits Times, May 9, 2000.
[2277] Associated Press, February 9, 2000.
[2278] "Singpass: One Password for E-Services," February 24, 2003, available at http://www.ida.gov.sg/Website/IDAContent.nsf/dd1521f1e79ecf3bc825682f0045a340/e7641f18ddbcf75848256ced003710d3?OpenDocument.
[2279] "SingPass Opens the Door to E-Services," Business Times (Singapore), February 25, 2003.
[2280] Id.
[2281] http://www.ecitizen.gov.sg.
[2282] United States Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2000, February 2001.
[2283] Edmund Tee, "Get All Your Medical Data Online," The Straits Times, February 17, 2001.
[2284] "You're on Candid Camera," The Straits Times, September 2, 1998.
[2285] "Video Cameras To Monitor Traffic at 15 Junctions," The Straits Times, March 12, 1995; "Surveillance System Set Up in Jurong East," The Straits Times, July 16, 1996.
[2286] "Do We Really Want an All-Seeing Camera?" The Straits Times, July 13, 1995.
[2287] "Peeping Tom Used Hidden Camera To Spy," The Straits Times, May 29, 1999.
[2288] Banking Act, Chapter 19, available at http://www.mas.gov.sg.
[2289] "Guidelines On Prevention Of Money Laundering," Monetary Authority of Singapore, May 26, 1999, available at http://www.mas.gov.sg.
[2290] Leong Chan Teik, "New Bank Credit Bureau Will Get Accredited," The Straits Times, June 4, 2002.
[2291] "Eyes Wide Open," The Strait Times, April 12, 2000.
[2292] "Singapore Tightens Anti-Terrorist Laws," BBC News, November 13, 2001, available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_1653000/1653797.stm.
[2293] Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act (No. 16 of 2002), available at http://statutes.agc.gov.sg.
[2294] "European Union/ASEM - Calls For Restraint in Middle East and Kashmir," European Report, June 12, 2002.
[2295] Julie Robotham, "Tougher Laws to Keep SARS Under Control," April 7, 2003, available at http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/04/06/1049567566823.html.
[2296] Richard Paddock and Sonni Effron, "SARS Under Control in Singapore, WHO Says." Los Angeles Times, June 1, 2003 at A4.
[2297] Chua Mui Hoong, "Govt's Sars Action Swift, But Shows Up Lack of Checks," Straits Times, May 10, 2003.
[2298] Id.
[2299] Id.
[2300] Id.
[2301] "Singapore Man Sentenced to Six Months in Jail for Violating Home Quarantine Orders," Associated Press Newswires, May 9, 2003.